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07030248044CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Rattling development has been noticed in the area of Library and Information due to the speedy growth in technological innovation. In few decades ago, with the use of technology and internet, the library work has become very fast. To ensure maximum satisfaction of the needs of library users, speed and correctness is the most two important dimension. Primarily, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) improves the workflow of the library which helps reducing manual labor, as a result, it proliferates the library services. One of the most known advantages of ICT is to provide ICT-based information services to meet the users' demands (Woodward, 2009). Emerging ICTs have changed conventional libraries into knowledge centers and librarians function more like consulting information engineers or knowledge managers (Sampath Kumar & Biradar, 2010). The major activities of libraries comprise collection development, reference services management, document delivery service, access to organised collections held by the library and assist users in information search and retrieval (Husain & Nazim, 2015; Cholin, 2011; Malhan, 2006). There is the primary importance of information technology to manage the huge collection of library. It is important to use contemporary technology to make library services faster. Libraries are seeing a new phase of online users who are technologically smart and combine information access and use in all areas of their lives to an unprecedented degree (Thomas & McDonald, 2011). Hierarchically, generation is metamorphosing with the time and the present generation’s library users are too kin with the technology. It is well understood that all the success depends upon the satisfaction of the library users. So, in the current scenario the quickest library service is more approachable through the world‐wide web and internet (Berners‐Lee, Cailliau, Groff, & Pollermann, 2011). To provide information to the ‘right users’ at ‘any time’, from ‘anywhere’ in the ‘right way’ (Fischer, 2012) is possible using web based technological settings. The primary function of every special library is to provide facilities and up to date information services for research and development of the parent organization. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been found to be of tremendous important in improving the services provided by special libraries as a result of the inability of the existing traditional manual methods to cope effectively and efficiently with the increasing volume in the library, Ducombe and Heeks (2014) cited by Anyakoha (2011) defined ICT as the electronic means of capturing, processing, storing and disseminating information. According to Ige (2010) ICT implies processing, storage and retrieval of information in coded form and its transportation and/or exchange between sources/terminals electronically. Similarly, Ekpo (2010) noted that ICT have been used to simplify availability and access to information and they encompasses the following complementary technologies: telephone, software technologies for distribution of information process, web-browser and servers, multimedia systems, and peripherals. These technological tools and resource are used to communicate, create, process, disseminate, share, store and manage information. ICT has established itself as an essential tool in information services delivery (Ayodele, 2010). The essence of ICT is in its power to help individuals and societies achieve greater access to knowledge and ideas for the benefit of humanity. ICT has led to improvements in the operations and services in industries, administration, management, education and other services including libraries as it ensures speed, efficiency, accuracy in record keeping, provision of up to date information, access and improved services thereby bringing development and organizational growth. There various areas in which ICT can be applied in library services. Such areas include but not limited to resource sharing, digitized circulation system, current awareness services, information subscriptions and ordering, acquisition of information materials, creation and management of databases, electronic mail services, publications, selective dissemination of information and information storage. Information is the vital factor in any form of Research and development. The information itself and way it is obtained have undergone metamorphosis due to the development in information and communication technology. Information is considered as a fifth need of human being after air, water, food and shelter. Information technology moved into Libraries, especially Academic Libraries and research libraries during 1960s. Quick and easy access to all required information is a supreme importance of information communication technology especially in Academic Libraries. Information processing, storage, communication, dissemination of information automation etc, further origin of Internet and development of World Wide Web, revolutionized the information communication technology. Based on this, the application of ICT in libraries become necessary to provide the facilities of the user community. In recent times, information and communication technology (ICT) has been deployed in university libraries to help library users gain access to information, as well as to become upto-date with recent developments in their areas of specialization. Dissemination of information is a purposeful attempt by librarians to get databases in order to find important information for each library user or group of library users to fit their needs of information. Dissemination of information is tailored to a particular group of library users.
Information communication technology (ICT) and dissemination of information are well known for delivering prompt and up-to-date information services to the library users. The effect of these services has been felt in most libraries across the world. Some libraries display ICT features and tools on their webpage for the purpose of disseminating information, while in practice they are not used. This study investigates the extent to which special libraries in cross river state, Nigeria have adopted and used ICT for dissemination of information, with a view to identifying the challenges and making suggestions on the way forward to enhance quality service delivery to the library users. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have brought significant changes to our day to day life. Today we are living in the information age. Information plays an important role in economic and social development of our society. The amount of valued literature is being published at a greater pace. So, applications of ICT in libraries have become the most important issues now
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major aim of the study is to examine information communication technology and dissemination of information in special libraries in cross river state, Nigeria, Other specific objectives of the study include;
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hypothesis 1
H0: There is no significant impact of information communication technologies on dissemination of information in the special libraries.
H1: There is a significant impact of information communication technologies on dissemination of information in the special libraries.
Hypothesis 2
H0: There is no significant relationship between information communication technologies and dissemination of information in the special libraries
H1: There is a significant relationship between information communication technologies and dissemination of information in the special libraries
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research is important as it may provide on information on the need for establishment of Library with the primary purpose of dissemination of information, which is the modern foundation of which is historically rooted in the age of Enlightenment. The study would also be of immense benefit to students, researchers and scholars who are interested in developing further studies on the subject matter.
1.7. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is restricted to information communication technology and dissemination of information in special libraries in cross river state, Nigeria.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Financial constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview)
Time constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
INFORMATION: As a representation of knowledge, Information is stored knowledge. Traditionally the storage medium has been books, but increasingly electronic media are becoming important. Information as data in the environment Information can be obtained from a range of environmental stimuli and phenomena; not all of which are intended to ‘convey’ a message, but which can be informative when appropriately interpreted. Information as a resource or commodity Information is transmitted in a message from sender to receiver. The receiver interprets the message as intended by the sender. There may be added value as the information is disseminated or exchanged.
ICT: Stands for "Information and Communication Technologies." ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. Social networking websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis.
Library: (from French "librairie"; Latin "liber" = book) is an organized collection of resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.
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